What is an optical zoom ? Better than a digital zoom ?
When choosing a camera, one question often comes up. Should you go for an optical zoom or a digital zoom? And above all... What is the real difference between the two? On paper, both types of zoom allow you to bring a subject closer. But in practice, the final result is completely different.
There's a world of difference between a sharp photo of a bird perched several metres away and a blurry image taken with a smartphone in zoom mode. That world is one of optics, precision and preserved image quality.
This article will help you see clearly. You'll understand what an optical zoom is, how it works, and why it's still the best option if you want to capture images from a distance without losing sharpness.
What is an optical zoom?
A lens that really brings you closer
When we talk about optical zoom, we're talking about the physical movement of the lenses inside the lens. This zoom does not artificially enlarge the image, it actually brings the subject closer without altering its sharpness. It's exactly like moving closer, but with the advantage of staying at a distance.
The simplest comparison is this: imagine a pair of binoculars. The more you turn the wheel, the closer the subject gets without becoming blurry. This is exactly what an optical zoom does, thanks to a set of lenses that adjust the focal length. The focal length is the measurement (in millimetres) that determines how close or far away a subject appears in a photo. The longer it is, the more powerful the zoom.
Mechanics designed for image quality
This system allows you to preserve the original resolution of the photo. Unlike other types of zoom, no pixels are stretched or recalculated. You get a sharp, accurate image that is true to what you see.
It's this quality that makes all the difference. Whether you're zooming in on a face, a bird or a distant monument, the scene remains sharp and detailed. Even when you enlarge the photo later, the contours remain clean.
Technology found in real cameras
Today, optical zoom is found in most compact, bridge and SLR cameras. For example, a model such as the Realishot DC8200 from Agfa offers an 8x optical zoom. This means you can multiply the distance of a subject by eight while maintaining beautiful sharpness.
This is ideal for landscape photos, portraits from a distance, or even animals in motion. Best of all, it's easy to use, so you don't need to be an expert to get the most out of it.
Difference between optical zoom and digital zoom
Enlargement, but not a true zoom
Unlike optical zoom, digital zoom does not actually bring the subject closer. It simply enlarges part of the image that has already been captured. Imagine taking a photo, then cropping it to focus on a small detail, before enlarging that detail to fill the entire frame. That's exactly what digital zoom does.
The sensor doesn't capture any more information, and the lens doesn't move. Everything is done by software, and this has an immediate consequence: loss of sharpness. Contours become blurred, colours less precise, and the image can quickly appear pixelated.
Let's take a simple example: you're photographing your child running on the beach. With an optical zoom, you can follow them from a distance and get a clear image, even if they're far away. With a digital zoom, you risk getting a blurry, less defined photo, as if you had zoomed in on a photo that had already been taken. The moment is captured, but the quality is lost.
That's why cameras with optical zoom are much more effective at capturing dynamic scenes, distant details or portraits taken from a distance.
Digital zoom: fewer details and more blur
When you use digital zoom, the pixels are stretched and the image may look acceptable on a small screen. But as soon as you enlarge or print it, you'll see blur, grain, or less sharp edges.
That's why, even though some smartphones advertise ‘x10’ or ‘x30’ zoom, this is not true optical zoom across the entire range. Above a certain level, they switch to digital zoom and the quality drops very quickly.
The common pitfall of smartphones
Smartphones rely heavily on digital zoom. They give the impression of powerful zoom. But often the image quality deteriorates rapidly as soon as you exceed the native optical zoom (if there is one).
This may be enough for quick sharing on social media. But if you want to keep your photos, print them, or zoom in on details, digital quickly reaches its limits.
Why choose an optical zoom over a camera?
To preserve image quality
With an optical zoom, every detail is captured in the best possible conditions. The camera uses its full optical power to enlarge the scene without degrading the image. This gives you sharp, high-contrast, well-exposed photos, even when you zoom in.
This is particularly useful when travelling, at family events or when photographing subjects from a distance. Optical zoom lets you capture the scene as it is, without digital noise or pixel blur.
Go further without getting closer and control your photo
There are times when getting closer isn't possible, such as with animals, spontaneous scenes or discreet shots. Optical zoom brings you closer without moving, while maintaining the correct focal length and focus. A real bonus when you want to go further without disturbing the moment.
Cameras with built-in optical zoom are designed for photography. They are often more stable, better balanced and more comfortable to use for precise framing.
Case study: VLG4K OPT vs VLG4K DIG
When comparing two very similar cameras such as the VLG4K OPT and the VLG4K DIG from AgfaPhoto, the choice may seem difficult at first glance. They have the same design, the same complete vlogging package (microphone, tripod, swivel screen, etc.), the same 4K resolution and a high-performance CMOS sensor. However, one major difference can change everything depending on your use: the type of zoom.
On the one hand, a powerful digital zoom but software-based
The VLG4K DIG offers a digital zoom of up to x16. This may seem impressive, especially for filming from a distance, but as we saw earlier, this type of zoom is based solely on cropping the image. It can be useful in a pinch, of course, but it's less suitable if you're looking to maintain good image quality in all circumstances.
This model is more suitable for those who mainly film close-ups or who simply want a straightforward device for creating content without worrying about settings. It remains versatile, especially for indoor use, vlogging or face cams.
On the other hand, a 5x optical zoom that preserves details
The VLG4K OPT is equipped with a 5x optical zoom. This means that the magnification is real, thanks to the lens. You can frame more tightly without losing sharpness and enjoy a more accurate image even when shooting from a distance. Whether for portraits, landscapes or travel reports, you maintain true visual quality.
This model is for users who want more freedom in their composition without compromising on clarity. It's also more reassuring for outdoor videos, with more distance and better control of the frame.
Same base, but two different philosophies
Both packs are very comprehensive, designed for vlogging and creative content. The tripod with built-in battery, remote control, external microphone... everything you need to get started, with no additional extras. The choice between the two therefore depends mainly on the type of zoom you are looking for. Precise optical magnification for more control, or a simpler digital solution for more basic use.
If you're still unsure, ask yourself this question: do you need to magnify distant scenes with precision, or do you always film within arm's reach? The answer will naturally guide your decision.
A real zoom for sharper memories
Optical zoom remains one of the best ways to get accurate, detailed and natural images, even from a distance. Unlike digital zoom, it does not degrade the image. It acts on the lens, not on the pixels. And that's what makes all the difference.
As we've seen with the VLG4K OPT and VLG4K DIG vlogging models, this choice is not insignificant. It directly influences the quality of your photos and videos. If you want to preserve the sharpness of a face captured from a distance or capture a landscape without blur, optical zoom makes a real difference.
It also allows you to remain discreet without physically getting closer to the subject. Ideal for street scenes, candid portraits or family moments from a distance.
And the good news is that this technology is now available to everyone. Modern compact cameras offer powerful optical zooms that are easy to use and much more accurate than those built into smartphones. It's a great opportunity to improve your images without any complexity, just with the right tool in your hands.